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 THE FIRE
(Written by Phyllis O'Shea Palladino and published in the Adventures of Dan and Meg, 2004)

Wheeeeee! Went the sirens.
Daddy ran to the fire house; Mama ran to the radio; Danny and Meg ran to the front window.
Whizzzzzz! Went the big red fire engine down the road.
Whizzz! Went the little red pumper after it.
Whiz! Went the Fire Chief's car.

Danny began to dance around the kitchen. He was lifting his feet up high, pretending he was putting on his fire boots. Then he found his winter hat and pulled it over his ears to make-believe it was a fireman's hat. He began to run around the table making siren noises. He was driving his imaginary fire engine.

Meg was watching Danny. Mama was cooking dinner and trying to stay out or Danny's road.
"Mama, when I grow up I might be a fireman like Daddy," said Danny.
"Well. Mama," said Meg," when I grow up I might be a nothing, like you."
"Oh, boy!" said Mama.
***************
Meg is making her own mark in education now, as an assistant dean and Director of the English Language Center at a prestigious university in the Boston area. She recalls the one day her mother (Mama) was the substitute in her ninth grade English class at Chatham High School. (Meg almost had Phyllis as her teacher, but the schedule did not work out that way.) The subject matter dealt with the "Tale of Two Cities," a part of the curriculum that is time honored and traditional in most high school programs. Meg's recollection about that day is "I learned more in that one day than in any of the English classes up to that point. She was a real good teacher."

So much for being a nothing! The work of being a mom is so deceiving and under appreciated. There are everyday things like cooking a meal, getting lunches, washing clothes and dishes, and making sure the children are safe, but the real deal is in the rearing of children goes well beyond those physical things. It goes into the psychic structure of the children and the parent.

How does a child know he or she is worthwhile?  I believe it comes from the parent knowing first that he or she is worthwhile, and this self assurance is passed on in concrete observable ways to the children.

When you read the Adventures of Dan and Meg, you notice how they interact with each other, but aside from their zany antics and remarks, you also learn much about the observer of the action, the author and mother, Phyllis. She was able to respect and capture the moment, get behind the faces of Dan and Meg, render it all into a short reflection about life, and save it for posterity, so much better than a mere photo. Phyllis enabled Dan and Meg to participate by having them illustrate the stories, and by so doing, helped them to establish positive attitudes. The fact that they were doing something wonderful for their grand parents further stroked their egos and imagination to become creative participants in their childhood and in their lives.

Phyllis returned to the classroom as an English teacher when Meg entered kindergarten. The same approach which made her motherhood so creative and successful continued to work in the classes she taught, and in her professional development. As she tested her methods in the classroom, she evolved from what was often called a teacher centered style to a student centered approach where she became the coach and the students became the workers. An article that talks about the final stages of this evolution is also on this page. The article appeared in the Coalition of Essential Schools Journal of best teaching practices in 1995.

When Phyllis and I retired from teaching in 1998, Phyllis was the teacher par excellence. Her methods, her rapport with students, her dedication to achieving the highest standard for herself and her students was legendary, and she was probably the best teacher on the planet.

I am so fortunate to be able to learn from her every day.
 CES National web         

The Best This School Offers Is Offered to All
Type: Example from Schools
Author(s): Kathleen Cushman
Source: Performance. #11. Nov. 1994.

Article from the
Coalition of Essential Schools


Expecting the same high standards of every student has changed culture this rural school and let its community see kids good work at close range.

Even in the grocery store checkout line, you can tell how deeply ingrained the practice of tracking once was in the schools of rural Chatham, New York. "Oh, you don't want to hire him for that," a teacher recently overheard one woman tell another in casual conversation. "He was a general student!"

Some two decades after high school graduation, that label still stuck to a man now in his 30s. Paradoxically, the residents of this one-stoplight town set among rolling hills near the top of the Taconic Parkway so valued competence in their educational fare that they had long served up very different courses to the "general" and the "honors" student. To analyze 19th-century British novels with future carpenters and farmers seemed unnecessary; those kids should learn to balance another kind of book and leave literature to the college-bound.

But these days all that has changed, as Chatham High School enters an era in which both workers and whiz kids must think harder and use more practical know-how to succeed. Five years after it joined the Coalition of Essential Schools, this school has done away with tracking altogether and established the same demanding curriculum for every student. In the offices and shops of this middle-income community, young people are trying out their school skills through projects that link work and studies. And whether they are headed for college or a construction site, they share a common expectation of excellence.

"The cream will always rise to the top," observes Chatham senior Paul Flint. "But now it seems as if everybody has been lifted up."

The numbers bear out his perception. All ninth-graders, for instance, now take the demanding Earth Science course once reserved for college-bound kids, and 87 percent pass the New York Regents exam at its end. Not only do eleventh-grade history classes have "much better classroom dynamics" since students are heterogeneously grouped, but on last year's Regents test more students than ever scored over 95, teacher Mark Pearson observes. And SAT scores have held steadily above state and national averages, although more students are taking them now.

Students say they appreciate the variety of methods teachers now use to coach all kids towards higher expectations. Phyllis Palladino's twelfth-grade English classroom "has no back," someone notes--no place into which a timid or reluctant learner can disappear. Instead, at tables and chairs grouped around the room students work together on one of four separate unit projects, with the teacher moving quietly from one to another. Several kids gravitate to a raised carpeted platform that extends into the room as a kind of stage. At one station, a student with reading difficulties can listen with headphones to Sartre's No Exit on tape while the others read it in print. On a large "quote board" students post memorable or familiar references they come across in movies or outside reading.
College Coursework for Some

Chatham's courses have also become more demanding for those who have traditionally succeeded in academics. In fact, juniors and seniors who write (and orally defend) a college-level paper in their English class may now receive credit from the State University of New York at Albany for a modest fee. Even "AP students" work alongside peers who are at other levels, though they fulfill extra requirements and take the Advanced Placement test at year's end.

"It used to be that even honors students didn't expect to work very hard to get A's," says English teacher Faye Sninchak, whose students' exhibitions one university evaluator has called "the equivalent of college work." Now, other teachers confirm, all kids work hard, completing "exhibitions" or projects that require learning in depth.

During his junior year, for example, Paul Flint put together a comprehensive economic history of the Ford Motor Company, complete with graphs, charts, and model cars. Such individual projects now substitute for the three-hour standardized state Regents exam that once capped the two-year Global Studies course in ninth and tenth grades, says social studies department chair Tom Gavin. "Before the waiver, we lost all of May in reviewing for the test," he says.

Doing well on paper-and-pencil tests was no guarantee that students had learned how to think, Chatham teachers discovered. "Some of our high-achieving students felt intimidated at first, interacting with a variety of youngsters rather than just the teacher and a select group," English teacher Phyllis Palladino observes. "They weren't used to making mistakes and taking risks as part of learning." At the same time, she adds, some kids are now succeeding who had never before had the experience of excellence.
A Context for Success

A large part of Chatham's success lies in the new ways it has linked learning with the larger community. A thriving work-study program lets seniors earn credit as they explore career options with mentors from local business and professional offices. Seniors in Dodie Gearing's Government course may spend 25 to 50 hours volunteering for local service groups from schools to soup kitchens. Both these programs are monitored closely to ensure that students gain in academic skills from the experience. "I learned more in one day about fractions and ratios than I ever did in school," one boy told Work-Study coordinator Kathy Stumph after his first day shadowing a local craftsman. "We're comfortable with letting them stumble," says Stumph cheerfully. "The safety nets are in place. They learn early and in an authentic context what happens if they don't meet their commitments."

Chatham's culture is collaborative in other ways, too. Every student is assigned to a teaching team of math, science, English, and social studies teachers, who share daily planning time. Students in need of extra hall get after-school coaching from teachers every day. Parents and kids serve on all important committees.

This community still values hard work and a good high school education, but its expectations have clearly shifted since the school set the hurdles higher for all students. While most of these students get a taste of the workplace before graduation, 85 percent of them now say they will go on to college. And whether they end up mechanics or mathematicians, these days their schooling aims to make thinkers of them all.
Unifying the Seniors' Courses, a Focus on Transition

How does one make the transition from a demanding senior-year course load to the world that awaits after graduation? Chatham answered by creating two cross-curricular requirements all seniors must complete to show they have mastered the "exit skills" the community identified as necessary for the diploma.

During the first half of the year, each senior creates a "curriculum vitae" binder including a self-portrait in writing, a formal resume, a post-graduation plan, a personal budget including sample tax forms, an analysis of his or her learning style, an application for work or a college application essay, and two letters of recommendation.

In the second semester, each student prepares a thirty-minute 'multi-dimensional presentation" that draws together and reflects on a theme linking all the year's coursework. By October, the student will have identified the work's focus - such as "power" or "hypocrisy" - and begun to address it using and "essential question" that takes on different shades of meaning in different areas of study. (Power, for example, could relate to forces and vectors in physics, to government and social institutions, or to literary themes.) Keeping a weekly journal that reflects on their readings and insights, the seniors come up with their culminating projects, to be evaluated by a panel of teachers, peers, and other community members during presentation weeks in May and June.

June brings the community to the "Senior Expo," a fair that celebrates each graduate's journey through the high school years. At tables throughout the gaily decorated gymnasium, each senior sets a tri-fold display board describing the year's accomplishments, whether they be works of art or high-tech projects. A long roll of paper extends the length of the hall, with "footsteps" tracing each senior's feet, name in one, "Where you're going from here" in the other.

Chatham seniors describe the year as an extraordinarily empowering experience. Because the twelfth-grade teaching team in thoroughly integrated, they may budget their own time, moving freely between classrooms or to the library as long as they sign out. Their course syllabi are often flexible enough to let them design their program to fit a special interest or focus. "Because I decide what to do, and when, and how, says one senior girl, "my work means more to me."

PERFORMANCE: Progress Reports from the Coalition of Essential Schools

Number 11, November 1994

Editor: Kathleen Cushman

A continuing series describing areas in which Essential Schools are demonstrating significant progress toward change using the Nine Common Principles.

This resource last updated: May 14, 2002

Database Information:

Source: Performance. #11. Nov. 1994.
Publication Year: 1994
Publisher: CES National
Type: Example from Schools
School Level: All
Focus Area: School Design
STRAND: School Design: learning structures
Learning Structures: Heterogeneous Grouping
        
                          
        
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Phyllis Palladino
Mother and Teacher
by Phil Palladino
9/10/08
Fire truck drawn by Dan Palladino when he was very young.
Published by Phil Palladino
Unless otherwise noted, all photos and articles are (c) by Phil Palladino
2008-09